Stages Of Construction Planning | Job Planning | Technical Planning | Contract Planning

  

STAGES OF PLANNING

During the planning of a construction project, the entire project is phased out identifying the sequence of construction. Secondly each phase is divided for operation into a number of jobs or units of construction. Different stages of planning are as follows:

1. Job planning

2. Technical planning

3. Contract planning

 

JOB PLANNING

Each job or unit of construction has to be further planned with respect to the following:

 

1. Manner of Execution of the Job

The jobs may be executed departmentally or through contractors. In case the work is done through the contractor, the type of contract is to be finalised.

 

2. Duration of the Job

The factors which contribute to the duration of job or the proposed period of its completion is:

(i) Urgency of the work

(ii) Availability of resources

(iii) Position of the construction with reference to network

 

3. Planning of Resources

Resources of a construction project comprise of the following:

(i) Plant, equipment and machinery

(ii) Construction stores

(iii) Both technical and non-technical staff and skilled and unskilled labour

(iv) Construction Material

 

TECHNICAL PLANNING

Technical planning is done by an engineer or concerned authority for the economic execution of the construction project. It starts after the administrative approval of the work is obtained for technical sanction. Technical planning is carried out in order to satisfy the following objects:

(i) Finalisation of design, provide detailed drawing and specification to be adopted.

(ii) Preparation of a detailed estimate and modification of an estimate if necessary.

(iii) Deciding the executive authority, like departmentally or through contract.

(iv) Planning resources and initiating procurement action.

(v) Foresee the obstacles in the completion of the project and take necessary steps for fruitful completion.

 

 

 

CONTRACT PLANNING

Contract planning is divided into the following two categories:

1. Pre-tender planning

2. Post-tender planning

 

1. Pre-tender Planning

Planning required for the time of inviting of tenders up to the receipt of the same is termed as pre-tender planning. It consists of the following works:

 

(i) Finalisation and Acquisition of Site

Before issue of order to contractors the acquisition of the project site has to be finalised and legal issues if any should be finalised.

 

(ii) Planning of Resources

Resource planning includes the following:

(a) availability of site,

(b) availability of stores,

(c) availability of labour and

(d) availability of equipment and plants.

 

(iii) Planning Time Limit

The requirement of resources and time limit are inter-related and both these aspects are to be taken together. In some cases the time needed for completion is decided based on the available resources. Such is the case when the work has to be completed departmentally. Even when the work has to be executed by the contractor, circumstances of the project has to be decided and modified before inviting tenders. As a matter of fact the contractor sub- mits tender considering the following aspects: (a) site survey, (b) availability of materials,

(c) equipment and plants to be hired and purchased, (d) fuel, (e) labour, (f) facilities for camp and (g) study of drawing/design/specifications.

 

2. Post-tender Planning

In post-tender planning the following aspects are considered irrespective of the work done by contractor or departmentally: (a) setting campsite office, (b) welfare of staff/labour amenities, (c) materials required, (d) labour required, (e) equipment, (f) safety measures to avoid accidents and theft, (g) follow-up of drawing/specifications and (h) billing, to record progress, to calculate materials, labour, etc.

In the works executed by contractors, responsibility is fixed for recording the work in the diary the day-to-day details of work done. The planned progress in the form of bar charts or progress reports should be known to the contractor as well as to the engineer’s representative. It is normally the practice for all civil engineering projects to make controlled construction stores available to the contractor.

 

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF PLANNING

Following are the advantages and limitations of planning:

1. Advantages

(i) Decision of network or bar chart makes the contractor to know more about the job.

(ii) With proper planning, the financial burden will be lessened for the contractor.

(iii) By proper programming, the weekly supply of labour can be attended.

(iv) Programme provides a standard against which actual work can be measured.

 

2. Limitations

(i) Effectiveness depends on correct assumptions.

(ii) Planning is expensive.

(iii) Planning delays action.

(iv) Planning encourages a false sense of activity.

SOURCE: BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES | P. PURUSHOTHAMA RAJ

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